This report, written as part of the Horizon Europe project ‘From Housing Inequality to Sustainable, Inclusive and Affordable Housing Solutions’ (EqualHouse), undertakes an extended literature review of academic and policy literature across four themes that each covers a core grouping for housing policy instruments.  The report explores how policy instruments are used by the 27 EU member states and the UK to make housing more affordable.

The four themes are: finance instruments for the promotion of social housing; land instruments to make land available for the development of affordable housing; personal allowances to support housing and home energy costs; and tax and regulatory instruments for housing affordability.

Further information about the EqualHouse project including previous publications relating to Making Housing Affordable and individual publications of these four combined literature reviews are available on the EqualHouse website.